The beauty standards of Korean women in K-pop refer to a system of aesthetic traits shaped by Korea’s historical, cultural, and social context, which have later been standardized and widely disseminated through the K-pop idol industry. These standards both inherit traditional ideals and reflect contemporary aesthetic preferences.
Historical Origins
The Three Kingdoms and Goryeo Periods
The history of cosmetics and traditional concepts of beauty in Korea can be traced back to 57 BCE, during the Three Kingdoms period (Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla), and reached a high point under the Goryeo dynasty (918–1392).
In Silla culture, beauty was associated with harmony between physical appearance and moral character, reflecting traditional East Asian philosophies that emphasize balance between the body and personal virtue.
The Joseon Dynasty
During the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897), Confucianism exerted a strong influence on standards of female beauty. Women were admired for clear, pale, and flawless skin, which symbolized purity and high social status.
In Joseon aesthetic thought, concepts such as sambaek (three areas of whiteness), samheuk (three areas of darkness), and samhong (three areas of redness) were used to describe the ideal face, emphasizing bright skin, clearly defined features, and a healthy complexion.
Aesthetic Features in K-pop
The V-line Face
The V-shaped face is one of the most highly valued visual traits in the K-pop idol industry.
A slim jawline combined with softly rounded facial contours creates an appearance that is both refined and youthful. Jennie and Suzy are often mentioned by the public and Korean media as figures who fit this V-line facial ideal.
Glass Skin
“Glass skin” is a widely used term in the Korean beauty industry that refers to skin that is smooth, radiant, nearly translucent, and reflective like glass.
The preference for fair skin has deep cultural roots, historically associated with the aristocracy and a life free from manual labor. Song Hye-kyo is one of the celebrities frequently noted for her luminous complexion and is often described as having a timeless image.
A High Nasal Bridge
A high and well-defined nasal bridge is another important feature in K-pop beauty standards, as it contributes to a more harmonious, refined, and elegant facial appearance.
In the idol industry, makeup, lighting, and camera angles are commonly used to enhance the nose and overall facial structure. Irene of Red Velvet and Yoona of Girls’ Generation are often cited in media and fan communities as representative examples of this nasal shape.
Double Eyelids and Aegyo Sal
Large, deep-set eyes with clearly defined double eyelids are a characteristic feature of contemporary K-pop beauty standards. Aegyo sal, the small puffy area beneath the lower eyelid, is also favored because it makes the face appear more youthful and lively.
Aegyo sal, literally meaning “cute skin” or “childlike fat,” contributes to a youthful and innocent appearance. Jisoo and Nayeon of TWICE are frequently cited as representative examples.
The S-line Figure
In K-pop, the S-line figure is commonly referenced as a prevalent body ideal. It refers to a balanced, softly curved, hourglass-like silhouette with a slim waist and fuller bust and hips. Other typical criteria include a height of approximately 160 cm or above, a slender build, and well-proportioned body ratios.
Cherry-shaped Lips
Small lips with a clearly defined cupid’s bow and a gently curved lower lip are associated with a delicate and charming appearance. The so-called “gyu-shaped” lips, in which the corners of the mouth naturally curve upward, give the impression of a constant soft smile.
This trend has not always been dominant, as thinner lips were previously more popular. Jisoo of BLACKPINK is often mentioned in media and fan communities as a representative example of this lip style.
Influence and Debate
K-pop has played a major role in spreading Korean beauty standards globally. Some artists have been recognized for broadening definitions of beauty through distinctive styles and personal images.
At the same time, these standards have been criticized for placing heavy pressure on both idols and the public, contributing to issues such as body image anxiety, extreme dieting, and the rise of cosmetic surgery.
Since the late 2010s, concepts of beauty in K-pop have shown increasing diversification, as more artists are acknowledged for their appeal and individuality even when they do not fully conform to traditional standards.